Internal combustion engine



Oct. 19, 1937. c H 2,096,327

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed OC'lZ. 22, 1935 2 Sheets-Sheet l 22 I 26 f; '1 H Oct. 19, 1937. c. D. HOWARD INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Oct. 22, 1935 Patented Oct. 19, 1937 UNITED .STATES PATENT OFFECE 2,096,327 g j "INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Cecil D. Howard, Grove City, Pa., assignor to Sun Shipbuilding & Dry

Dock Company,

: This invention relates toan improvement in internal combustion engines of the single piston,

' with reference to the two stroke cycle type. lhe invention is'applicable to'engines of the Diesel type and likewise to or other fuels.

Engines embodying this invention may be constructed with onefor a plurality of cylinders which may be arranged in vertical, horizontal or inclined position.

This invention has for its objecta provision of means for adequate and efficient scavenging of the cylinder, or cylinders, of the two'stroke cycle type. More particularly, in accordance with this invention, means are provided where by scavenging of such cylinder is effected from end to endwith two streams of scavenging air whirling spirally down through the cylinder. .Having now indicated in a general way the nature and purpose of this invention, a'detailed description ofa preferred embodiment thereof accompanying drawings I engines adaptedfor operation with gasoline, gas

will be given.

In the drawings: j

Figure 1 is a vertical section through an engine embodying this invention, a part of the structure not necessary for an understanding of the present invention being omitted.

Figured is a horizontal section taken on the line 2-2 through Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a horizontal section similar to Fig- ,ure 2 but showing a modified form of engine in accordance with this invention.

' Figure 4 is a vertical section taken on the line 4-,4 of Figure 3 showing the. upper part of the cylinder. 7 Figure 5 is a horizontal section similar to Figms 2 and 3, showing" a still further modification of this invention, and I Figure 6 is a vertical section taken on the line 6- 6 in, Figure 5, showing the upper part of the cylinder.

- Referring to Figures 1 and 2, indicates a main frame supported on a base plate 2,"and supporting a cylinder liner 3. The main frame andthe cylinder liner are designed to form a water jacket 4 about'the upper part of the cylinden Exhaust ports 5 are formed in the cylinder liner and communicate with an exhaust passage'6 formed in the main frame and extending around the cylinder to communicate with an exhaust pipe 1.

Within the cylinder is a piston 8 connected to .a crank shaft 9, supported from base plate 2,

through a wrist pin Ill, connecting rod II and crank l2.

Supported from the main frame I is a cylinder head |3 provided with a water cooling space Hi. The cylinder head is also provided with an inlet 5 from a source of air under pressure. communicating through the sloping passage IS with a port between the cylinder head and I the combustion space within the interior of the cylinder. The inlet I! likewise communicates, by means of sloping passages 8 and 9, with a second port 20 between the cylinder head and the interior of the cylinder. Ports I! and 20 are controlled by puppet valves 2|. These valves are retained in closed position by means of valve springs 22 and retaining rings 23. The valves 2| are operated to open against the action of the valve springs 22 by means of rocker arms 25 and push rod assemblies 26, actuated by cams 21 on cam shaft 28. The cam shaft 28 is driven from the crank shaft 9 by means of a chain 29.

Referring to Figures 3 and 4, there is shown a modified type of cylinder head l3, provided with a cooling water space It and an inlet I5, and a chamber 30', communicating through inlet l5 with a source of air under pressure and through passages l6 and I9 and ports H and 20' with the interior of the cylinder. The ports l1 and 20' are controlled by puppet valves 2| in the same way as in the structure shown in Figures 1 and 2. Semi-circular deflectors 3|, rising to the top of chamber 30, surround the openings to passageways I6 and I9.

In Figures 5 and 6, a further modified form of cylinder head I3" is shown. This cylinder head is provided with cooling water passages I4" and a chamber 30" which communicates through inlet I5 with a source of air under pressure and through passageways i6" and I9 and ports l1" and 20" with the interior of the cylinder. The ports l1" and 2B are controlled by puppet valves 2|", as heretofore described. This type of cylinder head is especially adapted for use with a high compression Diesel engine in which the combustion space does not extend up into the head. The types of cylinder heads shown in Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4, and in which the combustion space, as shown, extends up into the cylinder head, are designed more particularly for operation with low compression gas engines.

The engine described above is provided with the usual and desired lubricating devices and the like, and, depending upon its type, is provided with a fuel injection valve, if it be of the Diesel type, or equivalently, with any conventional intake passage suitably controlled by an automatic or mechanically operated inlet valve, if it be of the gas fuel type. If the engine be of other than the Diesel type, it will be equipped with any suitable and conventional ignition system. In operation, the engine according to the invention will proceed through the usual two stroke cycle. However, after the opening of the exhaust ports 5 on completion of the power stroke, valves ill will be opened and scavenging air under pressure will be admitted into the cylinder through the sloping passages l6 and I9 and ports I! and 20. These passages slope in opposite directions and their respective ports are positioned on opposite sides of the central axis of the cylinder.

Accordingly, the scavenging air enters the cylinder on the opening of valves 2| in different directions with respect to the axis of the cylinder due to the guiding effect of the sloping passages, which, as has been indicated, slope in different directions. The air, after admission. to the cylinder will proceed in whirling spirals down through the cylinder and out through the exhaust ports. These two streams of whirling scavenging air will execute a thorough scavenging of the cylinder and will insure that all dead or burned gas is swept out through the exhaust ports.

In usual operation, on the compression stroke of the piston 8, the valves 2| will be left open for a part of the stroke in order to build up compression.

It will now be appreciated that this invention contemplates, broadly, the provision of new means for the admission of scavenging air into the head end of the cylinder of a single piston, two cycle engine with exhaust ports at its opposite end in streams having circular direction of travel with respect to the cylinder.

It will be understood that various modifications may be made in the specific embodiment of this invention as above described, without departing from the broad scope of the invention, and that consequently the invention is not to be limited to the particular embodiment described by way of illustration.

What I claim and desire to protect by Letters Patent is:

1. In an internal combustion engine of the two cycle type, the combination of a cylinder provided with an exhaust port at its lower end, a piston in said cylinder adapted to uncover said exhaust port in its downward stroke, a plurality of air ports for the admission of scavenging air in the cylinder head, valves controlling each of said ports, and means for conducting scavenging air to each of said ports, said means comprising passageways in the cylinder head each sloping with respect to the cylinder axis in diflerent directions, whereby scavenging air isadmitted to in the cylinder head each sloping with respect to the cylinder axis in opposite directions, whereby scavenging air is admitted to the cylinder in a plurality of streams flowing in circular directions With respect to the cylinder.

3. A cylinder head. adapted to be used with an internal combustion engine of the two cycle type and including an inlet adapted to communicate with a source of scavenging air, a plurality of ports adapted to communicate, with the interior of the cylinder positioned about the central axis of the cylinder head, valves controlling each of said ports, and means for conducting scavenging air from the inlet to each of said ports, said means including passageways each sloping with respect to the cylinder axis in opposing directions so as to admit scavenging air to the cylinder in a plurality of streams flowing in circular directions.

4. A cylinder head adapted to be used with an internal combustion engine of the two cycle type and including an inlet adapted to communicate with a source of scavenging air, a chamber communicating with said inlet, a plurality of ports adapted to communicate with the interior of the cylinder positioned about the central axis of the cylinder head, valves controlling each of said ports, and passageways leading from said chamber to each of said ports, said passageways each sloping with respect to the cylinder axis in opposing directions so as to admit scavenging air to the cylinder in a plurality of streams flowing in.

circular directions. I

5. A cylinder head adapted to be used with an internal combustion engine of the two cycle type and including an inlet adapted to communicate with a source of scavenging air, a chamber communicating with said inlet, a plurality of ports adapted to communicate with the interior of the cylinder positioned about the central axis of the cylinder head, valves controlling each of said 

